翻译
（一）步骤：
一断一合
逐片段进行词汇释义
各个片段语序调整
总体整合
（二）翻译基本原则
1、见到以下标志将句子断开，逐段翻译
（1） ， ； —— ：
（2）从句引导词（引导词省略的也要拆开）
（3）比较结构之处
My interest in English has arisen,less through…but more from…
2、见到连续修饰结构将其合并
A of B of C in D for E 为了E这个目的，在D方面，C的B的A。
（三）英语和汉语翻译的区别
英语 汉语
1、多同义替换 多重复
将英语的近义替换词用同一个词等同起来
2、多抽象 多具体
将句中抽象概念具体化：抽象Vi + 宾语，抽象Vt 可根据语境翻译，抽象名词翻译成短语
We are caught up in a discussion about the situation in Afghanistan when the professor walked into the classroom 当教授走进教室的时候，发现我们正在兴
致勃勃地谈论阿富汗的局势。
Even an elementary knowledge of statistics is sufficient to enable the journalist to avoid misleading his readers.即使只有一点统计学的只是也足以让记者避
免误导他的读者/报道失真。
3、常使用被动 使用主动
（1）若by后为动作发出者，以其为主语将被动主动化
These machines are operated by a worker only. 这些机器仅由一名工人操纵
（2）将“被”字翻译为“受到、得到、遭到”
The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science 这项发现在科学界得到了高度的评价
（3）加上虚无的主语“人们、我们”将句子主动化
Rubber is found to be a good isolating material 人们发现，橡胶是一种很好的绝缘材料。
（4）将被动灵活转换为祈使句或判断句
The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power. 蒸汽机发明的结果是机械力代替了人力。
（5）形式主语
It cannot be denied that… It has been illustrated that
It is estimated that… It isproposed that…
训练：Additional International Standards may be added to the series in the future.
将来可能对本系列标准添加若干项国际化标准。
The ApollpXII crew reprorted that their spaceship was being followed by tow UFOs.
阿波罗号全体船员报告说他们的飞船受到不明飞行物的跟踪。
For separating iron from the impurities the iron ore must be melted
为了将铁跟杂质分开，必须将铁矿石熔化。
Over the years;tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.
许多年过去了，历史学家和科学的思想家在很大程度上忽视了工具和技术本身作为根本性创造的源泉。
4、句子多糅合 句子常分解
（四）从句（定、状、同位）、比较结构和并列句处
1、定语从句翻译准则
（1）若从句较短则翻译成“的”字结构放在先行词前
The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind;it is simply the mode by which all
phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.
科学研究的方法只不过是人类思维活动模式的必要表达，也就是说它是对一切现象进行推理并给出精准的解释的一种模式
（2）若从句较长则翻译成复指补充结构
They would have had to live the rest of their lives under the stigma that they had recklessly precipitated an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and
conceivably could have launched a nuclear war.
他们不得不在耻辱中度过他们的后半生，这个耻辱就是他们曾贸然参与了一项行动，这项行动破坏了首脑会议，并且可以设想可能导致了一场核战争。
（3）当主句过于空洞时，不论从句长与短，都翻译成“的”字结构
World War II was,however,more complex than World War I,which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets,resources and
territories.
第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战比第一次更复杂。
（4）当主句和从句蕴含某种逻辑关系时，要体现出这种逻辑关系
训练：In such an experient the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet,which for us is just darkness. 在这项实验中，能够训练昆虫飞向紫外线，而紫外
线对我们来说只是一片黑暗。
There are many people who want to read the book. 许多人想读这本书
Christmas carols are loved by all who hear and sing it every year.圣诞颂为人们所喜爱，人们每年都欣赏和演唱。
2、同位语从句
（1）若同位语从句靠前，先翻译同位语从句：“同位语，这/即是说。。。”
（2）若同位语从句靠后，先翻译句子主干：
（五）英语特有的表达习惯
1、时态意义的问题（是过去式、现在时还是完成时？）
You were,you are,you remain to be my beloved girl.
你是我爱的女孩，过去是，现在是，将来还是。
2、语序调整的问题
（1）完全倒装
特点：①以状语开头 ②谓语动词表“移动”或“处所”
To the south of the tower locates a square.
不完全倒装
Hardly didi I get home,when it rained.
No sooner…than in no case… under no circumstance by no means
Only + 状语要倒装
Young as he is, he has already 7 wives.
If there were anything I can help you,please write without hesitation.
=Were there
All would be well (if)reason were the only judge in the debate
All would be well were reason the only judge in the debate
平衡倒装
I make A B. 若A太长则可改写为：I make B A
I make good friend the girl I met in south Europe
(5)省略现象
英语喜欢主语完整，从句省略。 汉语则相反
That our environment has little,if anything,to do with our abilities,characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.
我们的环境同我们的才能、性格和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。
特殊句式注意
①More A than B less B than A not so much B as /but A
It was a curious exchange,less a debate than aquarrel between two aggressive men,each of them determined to impress the audience as more peaceful than the
other.
这是一次奇妙的交谈，与其说是两个好斗的人之间的一场辩论，不如说是一次吵嘴，双方都竭力想使听众觉得自己比对方更爱和平。
However,this is not so much a weakness in his work as it is the inevitable result of scholars’neglect of this period.
然而，与其说是他作品中的弱点，不如说是学者们对这个时期忽视的必然结果。
②A no more …than B not any more than… 两者都不好
③rather than 而不是
Rather than a punishment or a burden,work is the opportunity to realize one’s potential
工作不是惩罚也不是负担，它为个人潜力的发挥提供了机会。
cannot… too…
A book maay be compared to your neighbor;if it be good,it cannot last too long;if bad,you cannot get rid of it too early. 一本书好比你的邻居；如果是好书，
读的时间再长也不嫌长；如果不是好书，你越早丢开它越好。
⑤It is not that …but that… 不是。。。而是。。。
⑥much less,still less,to say nothing of,not to speak of,not to mention,let alone更不要说。。。
此外。。。
⑦the last+n.+to do the last+n.+定语从句
Breach of promise is the last thing that he is likely to commit. 违约的事他是绝不会干的
⑧ only to… 结果是
⑨ would rather do…than do
⑩ not nearly
The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.
粮食供给将远远赶不上人口的增长，这意味着我们在粮食生产和购销方面正陷入危机。
No less than;no less…than
China insists always on the need for self-reliance,no less in economic policies than in making revolution. 中国始终坚持独立自主，不但在进行革命方面，而且在经
济政策方面亦如此。
Anything but nothing but all but but that+从句 be+nothing+else but/else than/less than nothing else than
But for the rain we would have had a nice holiday. 要不是因为下雨，我们本来会拥有一个美好的假日。
否定的翻译法
We did not build institutes of technology to educate our boys for export
我们成立理工学院不是为了培养学生日后出国
发表于 2025-5-14 23:52:43
