模拟五
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine)是中华文化不可分割的一部分，为振兴华夏做出了巨大的贡献。如今， 中医和西医(western medicine)在中国的医疗保健领域并驾齐驱。中医以其独特的诊断手法、系统的治疗方式 和丰富的典籍材料，备受世界瞩目。中国的中医事业由国家中医药管理局(State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology)负责。现在国家巳经出台了管理中医的政策、法令和法规，引导并促进这个新兴产业的研究和 开发。在定义上，中医是指导中国传统医药理论和实践的一种医学，它包括中医疗法、中草药(herbalogy)、针 灸(acupuncture )、推拿(massage)和气功(Qigong)。
Part Ⅳ Translation
参考答案
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an integral part of Chinese culture. It has made great contributions to the prosperity of China. Today both TCM and western medicine are being used in providing medical and health services in China. TCM, with its unique diagnostic methods, systematic approach, abundant historical literature and materials, has attracted a lot of attention from the international community. In China, TCM is under the administration of State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology. National strategies, laws and regulations governing TCM are now in place to guide and promote the research and development in this promising industry. TCM is defined as a medical science governing the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine. It includes Chinese medication, herbalogy, acupuncture, massage and Qigong.
难点精析：
1.不可分割的一部分：可译为an integral part。
2.为振兴华夏做出了巨大的贲献：可译为has made great contributions to the prosperity of China，其中“华夏”： 即“中国”或“中华”，可直接译为China; “振兴”此处翻译成了名词形式prosperity,还可译为revitalization;“做出了 巨大的贡献”可译为 has made great contributions。
3.并驾齐驱：此处指两者(中医和西医)都得以应用，可简单地翻译为both are being used。
4.独特的诊断手法、系统的治疗方式和丰富的典籍材料：三个并列的名词短语，可分别译为unique ： I diagnostic methods, systematic approach和abundant historical literature and materials; “典籍材料”可理解为历史文献资料，翻译为historical literature and materials。
5.引导并促进这一新兴产业的研究和开发：“引导”译为guide; “促进”可译为promote，还可译为facilitate或further; “新兴产业，，可译为promising industry,还可译为new industry或emerging industry。
6.中医疗法：译为Chinese medication。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section B (原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。)
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How Marketers Target Kids
[ A] Kids represent an important demographic to marketers because they have their own purchasing power, they influence their parents# buying decisions and they are the adult consumers of the future. Industry spending on advertising to children has exploded in the past decade, increasing from a mere $100 million in 1990 to more than $2 billion in 2000.
[B ] Parents today are willing to buy more for their kids because trends such as smaller family size, dual incomes and postponing children until later in life mean that families have more disposable income. As well, guilt can play a role in spending decisions as time-stressed parents substitute material goods for time spent with their kids. Here are some of the strategies marketers employ to target kids:
Pester(纠缠)Power
[C ] Today’s kids have more autonomy and decision-making power within the family than in previous generations, so it follows that kids are vocal about what they want their parents to buy. “Pester power” refers to children’s ability to nag their parents into purchasing items they may not otherwise buy. Marketing to children is all about creating pester power, because advertisers know what a powerful force it can be.
[D] According to the 2001 marketing industry book Kidfluence, pestering or nagging can be divided into two categories—“persistence” and “importance”. Persistence nagging (a plea, that is repeated over and over again) is not as effective as the more sophisticated “importance nagging”. This latter method appeals to parents’ desire to provide the best for their children, and plays on any guilt they may have about not having enough time for their kids.
The Marriage of Psychology and Marketing
[E] To effectively market to children, advertisers need to know what makes kids tick. With the help of well-paid researchers and psychologists, advertisers now have access to in-depth knowledge about children’s
developmental, emotional and social needs at different ages. Using research that analyzes children’s behaviour, fantasy lives, art work, even their dreams, companies are able to craft sophisticated marketing strategies to reach young people.
The issue of using child psychologists to help marketers target kids gained widespread public attention in 1999, when a group of U.S. mental health professionals issued a public letter to the American Psychological Association (APA) urging them to declare the practice unethical. The APA is currently studying the issue.
Building Brand Name Loyalty
[G] Canadian author Naomi Klein tracks the birth of “brand” marketing in her 2000 book No Logo. According to Klein, the mid-1980s saw the birth of a new kind of corporation—Nike, Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger, to name a few—which changed their primary corporate focus from producing products to creating an image for their brand name. By moving their manufacturing operations to countries with cheap labour, they freed up money to create their powerful marketing messages. It has been a tremendously profitable formula, and has led to the creation of some of the most wealthy and powerful multi-national corporations the world has seen.
[H] Marketers plant the seeds of brand recognition in very young children, in the hopes that the seeds will grow into lifetime relationships. According to the Center for a New American Dream, babies as young as six months of age can form mental images of corporate logos and mascots. Brand loyalties can be established as early as age two, and by the time children head off to school most can recognize hundreds of brand logos. While fast food, toy and clothing companies have been cultivating brand recognition in children for years, adult-oriented businesses such as banks and automakers are now getting in on the act.
Buzz or Street Marketing
[I] The challenge for marketers is to cut through the intense advertising clutter (杂乱)in young people’s lives. Many companies are using “buzz marketing” —a new twist on the tried-and-true “word of mouth” method. The idea is to find the coolest kids in a community and have them use or wear your product in order to create a buzz around it. Buzz, or “street marketing”, as it’s also called, can help a company to successfully connect with the elusive (难找的)teen market by using trendsetters to give them products “cool” status.
[J] Buzz marketing is particularly well-suited to the Internet, where young “Net promoters” use chat rooms and blogs to spread the word about music, clothes and other products among unsuspecting users.
Commercialization in Education
[ K] School used to be a place where children were protected from the advertising and consumer messages that permeated their world—but not anymore. Budget shortfalls (亏空，差额)are forcing school boards to allow corporations access to students in exchange for badly needed cash, computers and educational materials.
[L] Corporations realize the power of the school environment for promoting their name and products. A school setting delivers a captive youth audience and implies the endorsement of teachers and the educational system. Marketers are eagerly exploiting this medium in a number of ways, including: 1) sponsored educational materials; 2) supplying schools with technology in exchange for high company visibility; 3) advertising posted in classrooms, school buses, on computers in exchange for funds; 4) contests and incentive programs: for example, the Pizza Hut reading incentives program in which children receive certificates for free pizza if they achieve a monthly reading goal; 5) sponsoring school events.
The Internet
[M ] The Internet is an extremely desirable medium for marketers wanting to target children. It’s part of youth culture.?
This generation of young people is growing up with the Internet as a daily and routine part of their lives. Kids are often online alone, without parental supervision. Unlike broadcasting media, which have codes regarding advertising to kids, the Internet is unregulated. Sophisticated technologies make it easy to collect information from young people for marketing research, and to target individual children with personalized advertising.
Marketing Adult Entertainment to Kids
[N] Children are often aware of and want to see entertainment meant for older audiences because it is actively marketed to them. In a report released in 2000, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) revealed how the movie, music and video games industries routinely market violent entertainment to young children.
[O ] The FTC studied 44 films rated “Restricted”, and discovered that 80 per cent were targeted to children under 17. Marketing plans included TV commercials run during hours when young viewers were most likely to be watching. The FTC report also highlighted the fact that toys based on characters from mature entertainment are often marketed to young children. Mature rated video games are advertised in youth magazines; and toys based on “Restricted” movies and M-rated video games are marketed to children as young as four.
46. Guilt can affect parents" spending decisions because they don’t have enough time for their kids.
47. The Center for a New American Dream pointed out that brand loyalties could be formed as early as age two.
48. School boards allow corporations to access to students because they need money and educational materials badly.
49. The FTC report highlighted the fact that toys based on characters from mature entertainment are often marketed to young children.
50. For this generation of young people, the Internet is a daily and routine part of their lives.
51. According to Kidfluence, “persistence nagging” is less effective than the more sophisticated “importance nagging”.
52. According to a report released by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, the movie, music and video games industries usually market violent entertainment to young children.
53. Buzz marketing is well-suited to the Internet because the interactive environment can spread messages effectively.
54. A group of U.S. mental health professionals think that it is unethical to use child psychologists to help marketers target kids.
55. According to the Pizza Hut reading incentives program, children will receive certificates for free pizza if they achieve a monthly reading goal.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section B
46. [B]题干意为，内疚感会影响父母做出消费决定，因为他们没有足够的时间陪孩子。注意抓住题干中的关?
键词guilt和parents’ spending decisions。文章段落中，论及内疚感和影响父母购买决定的内容在[B]段出现，该 段第二句提到，内疚感能够影响父母做出的消费决定，忙碌的父母希望用购买的东西来弥补自己没有足够 的时间陪孩子。由此可知，题干对原文进行了同义改写，故答案为[B]。题干中的affect与原文中的play a role in对应。
47. [H]。题干意为，新美国梦中心指出，孩子早在两岁的时候就可以形成品牌忠诚度。注意抓住题干中的关键词 the Center for a New American Dream, brand loyalties 和 age two。文章段落中，提到新美国梦中心的内容在[H] 段出现，该段第三句提到，根据新美国梦中心所说，早在两岁的时候就可以建立品牌忠诚度，而等到开始上 学的时候，大多数孩子都可以认识几百个品牌标识。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[H]。
48. [K]。题干意为，教育委员会允许企业接近学生是因为他们急需资金和教学材料。注意抓住题干中的关键 词school boards。文章段落中，提到教育委员会的内容在[K]段出现，该段第二句中提到，预算亏空迫使教 育委员会允许企业进入校园，以此换取学校急需的资金、计算机和教学材料。题干对原文内容做了概述， 故答案为[K]。
49. [O]。题干意为，联邦贸易委员会的报告强调了一个事实，即以成人娱乐中各个角色为原型的玩具经常被 推销给年幼的孩子。注意抓住题干中的关键词FTC report和highlighted the fact。文章段落中，提到联邦贸易 委员会(FTC)有[N]和[0]两段，但结合题干中的highlighted the fact可知相关内容在[0]段，该段第三句提 到，联邦贸易委员会的报告还强调了 一个事实，即基于成人娱乐中角色的玩具经常被推销给年幼的孩子， 题干与原文意思一致，故答案为[0]。
50. [M]。题干意为，对于这一代年轻人来说，互联网是他们日常生活的一部分。注意抓住题干中的关键词this generation of young people和Internet。文章段落中，提到这一代年轻人和互联网关系的内容在[M]段，该段 第三句提到，互联网伴随着这一代年轻人长大，互联网是他们日常生活的一部分。由此可知，题干是对原 文内容的同义转述，故答案为[M]。
51. [D]。题干意为，根据《儿童影响力》这本书所说，“坚持纠缠”不如更圆滑的“重要性纠缠”有效。注意抓住题 干中的关键词!persistence nagging, effective和importance nagging。文章段落中，提到《儿童影响 力》这本书是在[D]段，该段第二句提到，“坚持纠缠”就是一再地恳求)不如更圆滑的“重要性纠缠”有效。 由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。题干中的less effective than与原文中的not as effective as对应。
52. [N]。题干意为，依据美国联邦贸易委员会的一份报告，电影、音乐和电子游戏业经常向年幼的儿童推销暴 力娱乐。注意抓住题干中的关键词a report released by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission和movie, music and video games industries。文章段落中，提到美国联邦贸易委员会的报告和电影等行业的内容在[N]段，该段第 二句中提到，美国联邦贸易委员会2000年发表的一份报告中披露了电影、音乐和电子游戏业是如何习惯性 地向年幼的儿童推销暴力娱乐的，由此可知，题干对原文内容进行了同义改写，故答案为[N]。
53. [J]。题干意为，口碑营销很适合互联网，因为其互动的环境可以让信息有效传播。注意抓住题干中的关键 词buzz marketing和well-suited to the Internet。文章段落中，论及口碑营销和互联网关系的内容在[J ]段出 现，该段提到，口碑营销很适合互联网，网上的年轻“网络推销员”利用聊天室和博客在毫无戒备心的用户 中传播有关音乐、服饰和其他产品的信息。由此可知，题干对原文进行了同义转述，故答案为[J]。
54. [F]。题干意为，一个美国心理健康专家小组认为，利用儿童心理专家来帮助市场营销人员定位儿童需求 是不道德的。注意抓住题干中的关键词U.S. mental health professionals，unethical和psychologists。文章段落 中，提到美国心理健康专家小组的内容在[F]段出现，该段第一句提到，一个美国心理健康专家小组发表 了一封给美国心理学会(APA)的公开信，要求他们宣布那种让儿童心理学家帮助市场营销人员定位儿童 需求的做法是不道德的。题干与原文相符，故答案为[F]。
55. [L]。题干意为，根据必胜客的读书奖励计划，完成每月阅读目标的孩子可以获得免费比萨券。注意抓住题 干中的关键词Pizza Hut和monthly reading goal。文章段落中，提到必胜客及免费比萨的内容出现在[L]段，
该段列举的第四点内容中提到，必胜客的读书奖励计划即完成每月阅读目标的儿童可以获得免费比萨券。 由此
可知，题干是对原文内容的同义转述，故答案为[L]。
模拟(四)
PartⅣ Translation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字;六级长度为180-200个汉字。)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中欧经济贸易合作取得了可喜的成果。欧盟巳经成为中国的重要经贸伙伴，是中国最大的技术供应方、 第三大贸易伙伴和第五大实际投资方。2001年，中欧贸易达到766亿美元，比上一年增长11%，尤其是中国从 欧盟的进口增长了 15.8%。我非常赞赏欧中贸协(Europe-China Business Association)与比中经贸理事会 (Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council)为发展中欧关系所做出的努力。中欧经济贸易合作具有广 阔的前景。中欧经济具有很强的互补性，在贸易、投资、科技等领域具有很大的合作潜力。
Part Ⅳ Translation
参考答案
China-EU economic and trade cooperation has yielded heartening fruits. The EU has now become an important economic and trade partner of China, working as the largest technology supplier, the third largest trading partner and the fifth largest actual investor in China. Bilateral trade reached 76.6 billion dollars in 2001, achieving an 11% increase compared to the previous year. In particular, China’s imports from the EU grew by 15.8%. I highly appreciate the efforts by the Europe-China Business Association and the Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council for developing China-EU ties. China-EU trade and economic cooperation is endowed with a promising future. The two economies are strongly complimentary to each other and hence enjoy huge potential for cooperation in trade, investment, science and technology areas.
难点精析
1.中欧经济贸易合作取得了可喜的成果：EU=European Union，表示欧盟;“取得了”可译为has got，但稍显生硬，yield fruit意为“结果，取得成果”，用在此处更为恰当;“可喜的”可译为heartening，还可译为^ promising。
2.第三大贸易伙伴和第五大实际投资方：“最大”用thelargest来表示，“第几大”则可译为the+序数词+largest，因此此处“第三大”译为 thethirdlargest; “第五大”译为the fi他largest。“贸易伙伴”译为tradingpartner; “实际投资方”译为actual investor。
3. 766亿美元：应译为76.6 billion dollars。billion意为“10亿”，而不是“1 亿”。
4.增长了15.8%:可译为grew by 15.8%,还可译为increased by 15.8%。increase的反义词为decrease，二者用 法相同，后接具体的百分比时，要与介词by连用。
5.发展中欧关系：“关系”还可译为relationship，但tie表示的“关系”比relationship的情感色彩更强烈一些， ; 意为“紧密关系”，此处原文中虽没有提及“紧密”，但很显然是要发展中欧的紧密关系，故译成tie更贴合文意。
6.具有很强的互补性：可译为are strongly complimentary to each other, complimentary意为“互补的”。
7.具有很大的合作潜力：“具有”此处译为enjoy显得生动，带有较强的感情色彩。potential后应与介词for 搭配。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section B (原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。)
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more marking the corresponding letter on than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by Answer Sheet 2.
Why Are Airlines Withholding Seats?
Behind the screen indeed
[D] An awful plot goes on behind airline and travel booking screens, and much of it is strictly off-limits to consumers. What we do know is that for decades now airlines have become masters of what the industry calls yield management, offering millions of combinations of fares based on advance purchase patterns and other booking trends, so nearly everyone pays a different price based on when they buy. But now that paying extra for your seat selection has become common practice, securing your reservation is just half the battle.
[E] Some industry experts have connected the dots. “They’re trying to get people to buy premium seats,” says George Hobica, USATODAY.com’s Fly Guy columnist and the founder of Airfarewatchdog.com. “They want to increase revenue. And we’re getting more complaints about it. ” He notes that it “really annoys” passengers who want to sit together, particularly when traveling with small children.
[F] He’s echoed by Kevin Mitchell, chairman of the Business Travel Coalition(联盟):“With yield management, consumers are aware and they know that airlines are constantly changing prices on seats. But if this is true, it is unethical—they’re grossly misleading us. The thing that I find so offensive is conveying to me that I have no options, but if I wait a week or two then I do have options. ”
[G ] According to the airlines, the reason for ancillary (附力口 的)revenue is unbundling (分类计价)ticket prices, so passengers who desire a given service—say checking a bag or ordering a soft drink—pay for it, while those who don’t are spared the cost. But as Mitchell notes, “There’s another twist to this. The airlines are saying fees are for ‘optional services.’ Well, seats aren’t optional!”
[H ] Of course, securing a good seat isn’t an issue if you’re in first class or you’re an elite member of a frequent flyer program. But what about the rest of us? As I’ve pointed out repeatedly in recent columns, we’re faced with record-high load factors, the highest for the U.S. airline industry since World War II. But even with the average percentage of occupied seats for domestic flights at 82.7%, it’s still an average—some flights will be fuller but others will not, particularly weeks in advance. Yet searching for seats keeps getting harder and harder.
Seats for sale
[I ] Hobica cites the major airlines as the prime culprits (起因)，but he also notes even low-cost carriers can make securing seats difficult. On the flip side, he credits JetBlue and Virgin America for providing customers with clear policies. And then there is British Airways, which allows passengers in economy and business classes to
select seats only 24 hours in advance. I asked an airline representative if seeing fewer free seats is a trend, and the response was: “That’s going to vary because there are so many variables. ”
[J] I decided to check on seat availability at Delta.com. I inquired about economy-class availability for two seats on a busy route—Atlanta to Chicago—and conducted an apples-to-apples search for the same morning departure seven days in advance, and again 14 days in advance. For the flight one week out, a total of only eight seats were available, one preferred and seven standard, but only one set of two seats together. For the flight two weeks out, a total of 29 seats were available, consisting of 20 preferred and only nine standard, and still with only one set together. Remarkable how even twice the booking time still produced so few “free” seats, separately or together, yet there were plenty of seats that could be bought for the right price.
[K] I contacted Delta and a spokesman said the price for preferred economy varies “depending on a number of different factors,” so customers need to compare the costs on a flight-by-flight basis. The preferred seats are reserved primarily for Medallion (大勋章)members, and become available without additional charge 24 hours prior to departure. When asked if Delta has received complaints about a dearth of free seats, he stated, “Overall, our seat program has been received very well. ”
[L] But my findings dovetailed (吻合)with recent complaints filed with Airfarewatchdog: (1) When (my husband) tried to get a seat assignment on the first flight there was just one “complimentary (免费的)seat” (near the back in the middle) available... the other available seats had to be purchased for $69. On the connecting flight there were no “complimentary seats” at all! Is this legal? He bought and paid for a ticket on these flights and now he is supposed to “buy” a seat! (2) (After) paying for the flight, a message popped up and said that I could only get a seat assignment when I checked in. In order to get a confirmed seat, I had to pay $129 extra! Unless I pay, without a confirmed seat, I am the first one to be bumped from the flight if they are overbooked. How do they get away with this? (3) Does checking in online at the 24-hour mark before the flight give me a number in line or let me select seats then? Or do we all rush the gate with our boarding passes (and no seat assignment) in order to get the seat assignment?
How to respond?
[M] So what can you do? It’s a tough proposition. Usually I would offer strategies for countering such airline initiatives, but in this case the options are limited. That’s why some believe the U.S. Department of Transportation should investigate these practices. As Mitchell says, “The airlines are holding all the cards with this one. There is a sore need for transparency on this. When people are confused, they make bad decisions. ”
[N] That said, consider the following: (1) When budgeting your airfares, make sure you consider not just baggage fees but the added cost of seat selection—for all travelers and in both directions. (2) If possible, book early, when there should be more seats available, and check in early too. Why the qualifier “should”? Because if availability is artificially manipulated, it’s hard to be certain. (3) Book airlines that offer more transparent seat- selection policies. Of course, this is not an issue with Southwest and other carriers that offer “open seating” policies. (4) Finally, the last resort is what Hobica calls “horse trading”: negotiating seat swaps with other passengers. But this has become a risky and undesirable option with flights so full, overhead bins (行李仓)so crammed and fellow passengers who may have paid for premium seats in advance.
46. Behind the airline and travel booking screens, a terrible plot is being carried out, much of which is rigorously kept confidential from passengers.
47. The airlines’ excuse for additional fees is unbundling ticket prices, so those who want the given service like baggage check and soft drink ordering will have to pay.
48. Whether some carriers withhold seats on purpose for earning consumers，premium is a question deserving to be cleared up.
49. Mitchell holds that there is an urgent need for transparency on carriers# seat assignments.
50. While Hobica ascribes the main responsibilities to the major airlines, he also mentions that the low-cost carriers are making securing seats difficult.
51. Some believe that, in order to solve the problem of airlines，withholding seats, some actions should be taken by the U.S. Department of Transportation.
52. When people budget their airfares, they should consider both the baggage fees and the added cost of seat selection.
53. Kevin Mitchell considers the so-called yield management of the industry unethical and misleading.
54. What the spokesman of Delta says suggests that the preferred economy-class tickets are available 24 hours in advance of the plane’s departure.
55. The last strategy to counter the airline’s initiatives is to exchange seats with other passengers by negotiating with them.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section B
46. [D]。题干意为，在航空公司和旅行社的订票系统中，一项可怕的阴谋正在实施，而其中的隐情则严格对 乘客保密。注意抓住题干中的关键词 airline and travel booking screens, a terrible plot, rigorously和confidential。 文章段落中，论及航空公司和旅行社订票阴谋的内容在[D]段出现，该段第一句就提到订票系统幕后的情 况很可怕，消费者大多毫不知情。由此可见，题干对原文做了同义改写，故答案为[D]。题干中的aterribleplot和 is rigorously kept confidential for分别与原文中的an awful plot和is strictly off-limits to相对应。?
47. [G]。题干意为，航空公司把实行机票分类计价作为额外收费的借口，所以那些想要诸如检查行李或点软 饮料等特定服务的乘客就必须承担相应费用。注意抓住题干中的关键词unbundling ticket prices和the given service。原文段落中，论及机票分类计价和要求特定服务的内容在[G]段出现，该段第一句就提到航空公 司称，之所以收取附加费是实行机票分类计价的缘故，这样一来，如果乘客想要某种特定的服务——比 如，托运包裹或者点一杯软饮料——就要为此付费，而那些不需要此类服务的乘客则无需付费。由此可 见，题干是对原文的同义改写，故答案为[G]。
48. [C]。题干意为，部分运营商是否故意保留座位以赚取消费者附加费这个问题值得弄清楚。注意抓住题干 中的关键词carriers, premium和question。原文段落中，论及运营商们是否故意收取附加费的问题在[C]段出 现，该段中作者提到，这是一个值得研究的问题，而且其情况到底如何也很引人关注，实际上就是在说这 个问题值得弄清楚。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义改写，故答案为[C]。题干中的withhold和on purpose分 别对应原文中的 holding back和intentionally。
49. [M]。题干意为，米切尔认为运营商们在分配座位这一问题上亟须公开、透明。注意抓住题干中的关键词 Mitchell, need和transparency。原文段落中，提到Mitchell且论及分配座位透明度的内容在[M]段出现，该段 第五句引用Mitchell的原话，指出这一问题亟待公开、透明。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义改写，故答案 为[M]。题干中的urgent need对应原文中的sore need，carriers! seat assignment代指原文中的this。
50. [I]。题干意为，尽管霍比卡把主要责任归咎于各大航空公司，他也提到，低成本的运营商们同样使得座位 的获得变得困难。注意抓住题干中的关键词Hobica, the main responsibilities，the major airlines和the low-cost carriers。原文段落中，提及Hobica和低成本的运营商使获得座位变得困难的内容在[I]段出现，该段第一句 话提到，霍比卡认为各大航空公司是造成这种状况的罪魁祸首，低成本的运营商也起到了推波助澜的作 用。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义改写，故答案为[I]。题干中的ascribes...to...和main responsibilities分别 对应原文中的cites…as…和prime culprits。
51. [M]题干意为，一些人认为，为了解决航空公司保留座位的问题，美国交通运输部应该采取一些措施。注 意抓住题干中的关键词the U.S. Department of Transportation。文章段落中，论及美国交通运输部的内容在 [M]段出现，该段第三、四句话提到，通常作者会就如何应对航空公司的这类政策给出一些策略，但是在 这种情况下，可选择的策略非常有限。这就是为什么一些人认为美国交通运输部应该对此类做法进行调查 的原因。由此可见，人们认为交通运输部应该有所行动，故答案为[M]。
52. [N]。题干意为，人们在为买机票制定预算的时候，应该把行李的费用和附加的选择座位的费用都考虑在 内。注意抓住题干中的关键词budget, airfares, baggage fees和the added cost of seat selection。文章段落中，论 及制定机票预算的内容在[N]段出现，该段第(1)点提到，预算票价的时候，确保自己不仅将行李费用考 虑在内，还要考虑为选择座位而支付的额外费用。由此可见，题干对原文进行了同义改写，故答案为[N]。
53. [F]。题干意为，凯文?米切尔认为所谓的收益管理是不道德且具有误导性的。注意抓住题干中的关键词 Kevin Mitchell, yield management, unethical和misleading。文章段落中，提到Kevin Mitchell和航空业收益管 理的内容在[F]段出现，该段引用米切尔的原话中提到，对于收益管理，消费者心里有数，他们知道航空公司经常改变座位的价格。但是如果情况果真如此的话，航空公司的做法确实是不道德的 他们在严重地误导人们。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[F]。
54. [K]。题干意为，达美航空公司发言人的话表明，经济舱优等座在飞机起飞前24小时内可获得。注意题干中 的关键词 the spokesman of Delta, the preferred economy-class tickets, available和the plane’s departure。文章段 落中，论及达美航空公司发言人的内容在[K]段出现，该段第二句提到，优等座主要是为奖章成员预留的， 在飞机起飞前24小时内无需支付额外费用就可获得。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[K]。
55. [N]题干意为，应对航空公司这类行为的最后策略是和其他乘客商量调换座位。注意题干中的关键词the last strategy, exchange seats和negotiating。文章段落中，论及与其他乘客商量调换座位的内容在[N]段出现， 该段第(4)点提到，最后一个应对策略，即霍比卡所说的“讨价还价”，是和其他乘客商量一下调换座位。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义改写，故答案为 [N]。题干中的the last strategy和exchange seats with other passengers by negotiating with them 分另']对应原文中的 the last resort 和 negotiating seat swaps with other passengers。
模拟三
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字;六级长度为180-200个汉字。)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
要了解中国文化，就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解。中国地方戏种类很多，其中京剧是一个具有代表 性的剧种。作为一个独立的剧种，京剧的诞生大约是在1840年至I860年。京剧是在吸收其他地方戏营养的基础 上形成的。京剧有明确的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音乐上以胡琴为主要伴奏乐器。由于京剧是在融 合各种地方戏之精华的基础上形成的，所以它不仅为北京的观众所钟爱，也受到全国人民的喜爱。
Part Ⅳ Translation
参考答案
To understand the Chinese culture, you have to know something about the Chinese opera culture. In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one. As an independent opera form, Peking Opera was approximately born between 1840 and I860. Peking opera originated from absorbing the essentials of other local operas. In Peking Opera there is a clear division of roles; the spoken parts are in Beijing dialect; and huqin, is the main accompaniment instrument. Since Peking Opera has combined the cream of various local operas, it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country.
难点精析
1.要了解中国文化，就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解：该句没有给出明确的主语，因而在翻译时要注意：增译主语you。“中国的戏曲文化”可译为the Chinese opera culture。
2.中国地方戏种类很多，其中京剧是一个具有代表性的剧种：该句在翻译时可以采用非限定性定语从句结构。该句可译为：In China, there are many kinds of local operas, among which Peking Opera is a representative one.注意此处为了避免在前后分句中重复使用名词opera而在后半句中使用了名词性替代词 one。
3.京剧是在吸收其他地方戏营养的基础上形成的：“在……的基础上形成”如果直接译为be formed on the I basis of...会稍显生硬，因而可以灵活译为originate from...。“地方戏”可以直译为local opera。
4.念白：“念白”指的是中国戏曲中人物的独白或者两者的对话，因而此处在翻译时可将其灵活译为the I spoken parts。
5.胡琴：这一特有名词在英文中并没有直接对应的词汇或表达，因而可以采用汉语拼音表示。
6.它不仅为北京的观众所钟爱，也受到全国人民的喜爱：“不仅 也 ”常用not only…but also…来表达。此处句中的“钟爱”和“喜爱”同义，在翻译后半部分内容时可以将与前半部分重复的内容省略，故该部分内容可译为：it is enjoyed not only by Beijing audience, but also by people all over the country。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。)
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Five Problems Financial Reform Doesn’t Fix
[A] The legislation concerning financial reform focuses on helping regulators detect and defuse (减少 的危险性)the next crisis. But it doesn’t address many of the underlying conditions that can cause problems.
[B ] The legislation gives regulators the power to oversee shadow banks and take failing firms apart? convenes a council of superregulators to watch the megafirms that pose a risk to the full financial system, and much else.
[C] But the bill does more to help regulators detect the next financial crisis than to actually stop it from happening. In that way, it’s like the difference between improving public health and improving medicine: The bill focuses on helping the doctors who figure out when you’re sick and how to get you better rather than on the conditions (sewer systems and air quality and hygiene standards and so on) that contribute to whether you get sick in the first place.
[D] That is to say, many of the weaknesses and imbalances that led to the financial crisis will survive our regulatory response, and it’s important to keep that in mind. So here are five we still have to watch out for:
1. The Global Glut (供过于求)of Savings
[E] “One of the leading indicators of a financial crisis is when you have a sustained surge in money flowing into the country which makes borrowing cheaper and easier,” says Harvard economist Kenneth Rogoff. Our crisis was no different: Between 1987 and 1999, our current account deficit—the measure of how much money is coming in versus going out—fluctuated between 1 and 2 percent of gross domestic product. By 2006, it had hit 6 percent.
[F] The sharp rise was driven by emerging economies with lots of growth and few investment opportunities—think China—funneling their money to developed economies with less growth and lots of investment opportunities. But we’ve gotten out of the crisis without fixing it. China is still growing fast, exporting faster, and sending the money over to US.
2. Household Debt—and Why We Need It
[G] The fact that money is available to borrow doesn’t explain why Americans borrowed so much of it. Household debt as a percentage of GDP went from a bit less than 60 percent at the beginning of the 1990s to a bit less than 100 percent in 2006. “This is where I come to income inequality,” says Raghuram Rajan, an economist at the University of Chicago. “A large part of the population saw relatively stagnant incomes over the 1980s and 1990s. Credit was so welcome because it kept people who were falling behind reasonably happy. You were keeping up, even if your income wasn’t.”
[H] Incomes, of course, are even more stagnant now that unemployment is at 9 percent. And that pain isn，t being shared equally: inequality has actually risen since before the recession, as joblessness is proving sticky among the poor, but recovery has been swift for the rich. Household borrowing is still more than 90 percent of GDP, and the conditions that drove it up there are, if anything, worse.
3. The “Shadow Banking” Market
[I] The financial crisis started out similarly severe, but it wasn’t, at first, a crisis of consumers. It was a crisis of banks. It never became a crisis of consumers because consumer deposits are insured. But large investors— pension funds, banks, corporations, and others—aren’t insured. But when they hear that their collateral (F付属担 保品)is dropping in value, they demand their money back. And when everyone does that at once, it’s like an old-fashioned bank run: The banks can，t pay everyone off at once, so they unload all their assets to get capital, the assets become worthless because everyone is trying to unload them, and the banks collapse.
[J] “This is an inherent problem of privately created money,” says Gary Gorton, an economist at Princeton University, “It is vulnerable to these kinds of runs.” This year, we’re bringing this shadow banking system under the control of regulators and giving them all sorts of information on it and power over it, but we’re not doing anything like deposit insurance, where we simply make the deposits safe so runs become an anachronism.
4. Rich Banks
[K] In the 1980s, the financial sector’s share of total corporate profits ranged from about 10 to 20 percent. By 2004, it was about 35 percent. Simon Johnson, an economist at MIT, recalls a conversation he had with a fund manager. “The guy said to me, ‘ Simon, it’s so little money! You can sway senators for $10 million!? ’ ” Johnson laughs ruefully (后,悔地).“These guys [big investors ] don%t even think in millions. They think in billions.”
[L ] What you get for that money is favors. The last financial crisis fades from memory and the public begins to focus on other things. Then the finance guys begin nudging (游说).They hold some fundraisers for politicians, make some friends, explain how the regulations they’re under are onerous and unfair. And slowly, surely, those regulations come undone. This financial crisis will stick in our minds for a while, but not forever. And after briefly dropping to less than 15 percent of corporate profits, the financial sector has rebounded to more than 30 percent. They’ll have plenty of money with which to help their friends forget this whole nasty affair.
5. Lax (不严格的)Regulators
[M] The most troubling prospect is the chance that this bill, if we’d passed it in 2000, wouldn’t even have prevented this financial crisis. That’s not to undersell it: It would’ve given regulators more information with which to predict the crisis. But they had enough information, and they ignored it. They get caught up in boom times just like everyone else. A bubble, almost by definition, affects the regulators with the power to pop it.
[N] In 2005, with housing prices running far, far ahead of the historical trend, Bernanke said a housing bubble was “ a pretty unlikely possibility ”. In 2007, he said Fed officials “ do not expect significant spillovers from the subprime market to the rest of the economy.” Alan Greenspan, looking back at the financial crisis, admitted in April that regulators “have had a woeful record of chronic failure. History tells us they cannot identify the timing of a crisis, or anticipate exactly where it will be located or how large the losses and spillovers will be.”
46. In the 1980s and 1990s people experienced no substantial increase in terms of income, which brought about the popularity of credit.
47. Financial crisis is a crisis of banks in that shadow banking may cause banks to fail.
48. The finance guys make friends with politicians in the hope of making some burdensome and unfair regulations cancelled.
49. The legislation concerning financial reform offers regulators the power of supervising shadow banks and disintegrating companies on the verge of bankruptcy.
50. In terms of the effect of unemployment, it is more deeply felt by the poor than by the rich.
51. Even if there was enough information to predict there would be financial crisis, the regulators still chose to ignore it.
52. Emerging economies with insufficient investment opportunities have invested much money in developed countries.
53. Regulators with power tended to fail again and again concerning forecasting a financial crisis.
54. A fund manager or large investor is considered absurdly rich by an economist from MIT.
55. Large investors, deposits can be made safer if shadow banking system is under the control of regulators.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section B
46. [G]。题干意为，20世纪80年代和90年代的人没有经历过收入的实质性增长，这使信贷受到欢迎。注意抓住 题干中的关键时间词1980s and 1990s, income和credit。这些关键词在[G]段出现，该段第四句提到，20世纪 80年代和90年代的大部分人收入相对滞后。原文中的stagnant与题干中的no substantial increase为同义转 述;接着第五句提到，信贷非常受欢迎，因为它使那些落在后面的人感受到了一定的快乐，原文中的was so welcome和题干中的popularity为同义转述。
47. [I]。题干意为，金融危机是银行的危机，因为影子银行有可能导致银行倒闭。注意抓住题干中的关键词a crisis of banks和fail。文章段落中，提到影子银行的内容在[I]和[J]段出现，其中[I]段第二句即提到金融危 机是银行的危机，与题干前半部分对应;接着后文讲述了金融危机会导致银行倒闭，以此来解释第二句。 本段最后一个单词collapse与题干中的fail对应。
48. [L]。题干意为，金融家与政客结交朋友的目的是希望一些繁重不公的规则能够被取消。注意抓住题干中 的关键词make friends with politicians和burdensome and unfair regulations。文章段落中，谈及与政客交朋友 的内容在[L]段出现，本段第四句提到，金融家为政客们组织资金筹措者，和政客们结交朋友，抱怨他们 所要遵守的规则是多么的繁重和不公。接着后面一句说，慢慢地，这些规则一定会被取消。由此可知，金融 家与政客结交朋友的目的是希望获得政客的支持，来取消一些繁重不公的规则。题干中的burdensome对应 原文中的 onerous。
49. [B]。题干意为，有关金融改革的立法赋予监管机构监管影子银行和解体濒临破产的公司的权力。注意抓 住题干中的关键词 the legislation concerning financial reform, shadow banks和companies on the verge of bankruptcy。文章段落中，谈及有关金融改革的立法对影子银行和濒临破产的公司的影响的内容在[B]段 出现，本段指出，该法案赋予监管机构监管影子银行和解体濒临破产公司的权力。由此可知，题干是对原 文的同义转述，故答案为[B]。
50. [H]。题干意为，关于失业的影响，穷人比富人感触更深。注意抓住题干中的关键词unemployment, the poor 和the rich。文章段落中，谈及失业以及失业对人们的影响的内容在[H]段出现，本段指出，失业的痛苦对 人们的影响并不均等：事实上，在经济衰退以前，这种不平等就已经加剧，这是因为失业者中穷人居多， 而经济复苏对富人来说所需时间很短。由此可知，穷人对失业的感触比富人深，题干是对原文的同义转 述，故答案为[H]。
51. [M]。题干意为，尽管监管者掌握了足够的信息来预测这场金融危机，但是他们仍然选择忽视这些信息。 注意抓住题干中的关键词enough information, financial crisis和ignore。文章段落中，提到监管机构忽视预测 金融危机的信息的内容在[M]段出现，本段第三句提到，监管者已经有了足够的信息，却忽视了这些信 息。题干中的enough information和ignore都是原文原词的复现。
52. [F]。题干意为，没有足够投资机会的新兴经济体已经在发达国家投资了很多钱。注意抓住题干中的关键 词emerging economies和developed countries。文章段落中，提到新兴经济体的内容在[F]段出现，本段第一 句提到，增长迅猛且投资机会少的新兴经济体促使这一数字急剧上升，比如中国，它们将大量的资金投资 于增长速度慢但投资机会多的发达国家。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述。故答案为[F]。
53. [N]。题干意为，监管机构在预测金融危机时往往接连失败。注意抓住题干中的关键词fail和forecasting。文 章段落中，提及监管机构能否很好地预测金融危机的内容在[N]段出现，本段倒数第二句引用艾伦?格林 斯潘的话，指出监管机构“长期以来表现得很糟糕”，接着最后一句作了具体阐释：它们无法确定危机发生 的时间，也不能准确预测危机发生的地点以及损失和后果的严重性。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转 述。原文倒数第二句中的chronic failure对应题干中的fail again and again;最后一句中的anticipate对应题干 中的 forecasting。
54. [K]。题干意为，一位来自麻省理工学院的经济学家认为基金管理人或大投资者富有得离谱。注意抓住题 干中的关键词fund manager和economist from MIT。文章段落中，提及麻省理工学院的经济学家西蒙?约翰 逊的段落为[K]段，在本段中西蒙?约翰逊回忆起他与一位基金管理人的谈话，并笑称：“这些家伙(大投 资者们)想事情的时候可不是以百万为单位的，而是以十亿为单位。”可见，他认为基金管理人是非常有钱 的，题干与原文意思一致，故答案为[K]。
55. [J]。题干意为，如果能将影子银行系统置于监管机构的控制之下，则可以提升大投资者的存款的安全性。 注意抓住题干中的关键词deposits和safer。文章段落中，提及使存款更加安全的内容在[J]段出现，本段最
后一句指出，我们将影子银行系统置于监管机构的控制之下……仅仅是在保证存款安全。这里所说的存款 安全即指大投资者的存款安全。题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[J]。
模拟题二
Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅 是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大 厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
参考答案
In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.
难点精析
1.带来了无穷的魅力：翻译为bring endless charm to。
2.汉语习惯于用并列的散句或短语来表达一个语境，而英文习惯上用整句表述，句内不太重要的信息会用介词短语或从句来补充说明，如本段中“胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住”是 ： 两个并列关系的汉语短句，翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词结构表达出来，起补充说明的作用。
3.充满友善和人情味：翻译为full of friendliness and genuine humanity。
4.随着社会和经济的飞速发展：翻译为with rapid social and economic development，也是with介词短语的应 用，在句中作伴随状语。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section B(原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解，篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。)
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Beauty and Body Image in the Media
[A] Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their body parts—sell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food. Women’s magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, they’ll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.
[B] Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And it’s no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all women need to lose weight, for sure they’re all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Women’s Health in its 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.
[C] The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion (U.S.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls.
[D ] The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control—including fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative (泻药)abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Women’s Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar. Several studies, such as one conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled “Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction,” indicate that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, “Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight.”
[ E] Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a very small number of women. Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea (慢性腹泻)and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad, President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie), estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to 450, 000 Canadian women were affected by an eating disorder.
[F ] Researchers report that women’s magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articles promoting weight loss than men’s magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of women’s magazines include at least one message about how to change a woman’s bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery. Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman’s worth. Canadian researcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies (“How about wearing a sack?，，)，and 80 percent of these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter.
[G] There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (才氐制，反抗)the trend. For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce has consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelaine has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the world’s biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thin models were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using a unique process in which a laser beam is used to measure real life women’s bodies in order to find the most true to life measurement.
[ H] Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled “A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Women’s Magazines” found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of colour, overall white women were overrepresented in mainstream women’s magazines from 1999 to 2004.
[I] The barrage of messages about thinness, dieting and beauty tells “ordinary” women that they are always in need of adjustment—and that the female body is an object to be perfected. Jean Kilbourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real women’s bodies have become invisible in the mass media. The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize these
stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industry’s standards. Women learn to compare themselves to
other women, and to compete with them for male attention. This focus on beauty and desirability “effectively destroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate.”
46. A report in Teen magazine showed that 50% to 70% girls with normal weight think that they need to lose weight.
47. On the whole, for 6 years white women had been occupying much more space in mainstream women’s magazines since 1999.
48. Some negative effects such as depression and unhealthy eating habits in females are related to their being exposed to images of thin and young female bodies.
49. The mass media has helped boost the cosmetic and the diet industries.
50. It is reported that there is at least one message about the methods for women to change their bodily appearance on more than three-quarters of the covers of women’s magazines.
51. Some film and television actresses even faint on the scene due to eating too little.
52. Too much concern with appearance makes it impossible to change such abnormal trend.
53. Researchers found that a real woman with Barbie-doll proportions would eventually die from malnutrition.
54. The Quebec magazine Coup (e Pouce resists the trend by consistently including full-sized women in their fashion pages for several years.
5 5. According to some analysts, the fundamental reason of imposing standards of beauty on women is economic profits.
PartⅢ Reading Comprehension
Section B
46. [D]题干意为，《青少年》杂志上的一项报道称，有50%到70%体重正常的女孩认为自己需要减肥。注意抓 住题干中的关键词magazine、50% to 70%和normal weight。文章段落中，《青少年》杂志以及百分比 50%到70%的内容在[D]段出现，该段倒数第二句提到，《青少年》杂志报道称，在6~12岁的女孩当中，有 35%的人至少进行过一次减肥，有50%~70%体重正常的女孩认为自己超重。由此可知，题干是对该句部分 内容的同义转述，故答案为[D]。题干中的need to lose weight与原文中的is overweight对应。
47. [H]。题干意为，总体而言，1999年以来白人女性连续六年占据了主流女性杂志的多数篇幅。注意抓住题 干中的关键词for 6 years、white women和occupying much more space。文章段落中，提及白人女性在主流女 性杂志所占比例的内容在[H]段出现，该段最后一句提到，该研究发现，虽然1999~2004年间杂志中出现 的有色人种的女性形象在数量上有所增加，但是从整体来看，白人女性还是占据了主流女性杂志的多数 篇幅。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[H]。题干中的occupying much more space对应原文 中的 overrepresented。
48. [C]。题干意为，女性身上存在的一些诸如抑郁和不健康的饮食习惯的负面影响与接触年轻苗条的女性形 象有关。注意抓住题干中的关键词depression and unhealthy eating habits、being exposed to和thin and young bodies。文章段落中，[C]段提到了抑郁、不健康的饮食习惯以及接触年轻苗条的女性形象的内容，该段最 后一句提到，另一方面，研究表明，接触这种年轻苗条、妆容美丽的女性形象与女性的抑郁、缺乏自信和 不健康的饮食习惯有关。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。题干中的are related to对应 原文中的 is linked to，being exposed to对应原文中的 exposure to。
49. [B]。题干意为，大众媒体帮助促进了化妆品和减肥产品行业的发展。注意抓住题干中的关键词boosted和 the cosmetic and the diet industries。文章段落中，只有[B]段提到了化妆品和减肥产品行业的发展，该段最 后一句提到，通过呈现一个难以达到和保持的理想身材，化妆品和减肥产品行业必然能够得到发展并获 得利润，而其呈现方式就是通过大众媒体。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[B]。
50. [F]。题干意为，报道称超过四分之三的女性杂志封面至少包含了一条关于如何改变女性身材的方法。注 意抓住题干中的关键词at least one message和more than three-quarters。文章段落中，提到女性杂志封面提供 如何改变女性身材的的内容在[F]段出现，该段首句提到，研究人员公布说，女性杂志上宣传减肥的广告 和文章所占的比重比男性杂志高10.5倍，超过四分之三的女性杂志封面至少包含了一条关于如何改变女 性身材的信息——诸如节食、运动或是整容手术。由此可知，题干对该句后半句内容做了概括，故答案为 [F ]。题干中的 methods for women to change their bodily appearance 是对原文中 how to change a woman’s bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery洽勺相无才括。
51. [A]。题干意为，甚至有些影视女演员因为吃得太少而在拍摄现场昏倒。注意抓住题干中的关键词film and television actresses和faint。文章段落中，[A]段提到了女演员以及晕倒的内容，该段第三句提到，有些 女演员甚至因为吃得太少而在拍摄现场昏倒。由此可见，题干对原文做了同义改写，故答案为[A]。题干中 的 due to eating too little和原文中的 from lack of food对应。
52. [I]。题干意为，对外表的过度关注使得改变这种不正常的风气变得不可能。注意抓住题干中的关键词too much concern和change such abnormal trend。文章段落中，提及对外表的过度关注的内容在[I]段出现，该段 最后一句提到，这种对于美丽和性感的关注“事实上摧毁了任何可能有助于改变这种风气的意识和行动”。 由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[I]。题干中的too much concern on appearance对应原文中 的 focus on beauty and desirability。
53. [E]。题干意为，研究人员发现如果一个女人的身材比例和芭比娃娃一样，那么她最终会死于营养不良。 注意抓住题干中的关键词Barbie-doll proportions和die from malnutrition。文章段落中，只有[E]段提到了芭 比娃娃，该段第三句提到，如果一个女人的身材真是那样(有着芭比娃娃的身材比例)的话，她将会患上慢 性腹泻并最终死于营养不良。由此可知，题干对原文做了同义改写，故答案为[E]。
54. [G]。题干意为，几年来魁北克杂志坚持在其时尚页面上刊登正常身材的女性形象，以抵制 这种潮流。注意抓住题干中的关键词The Quebec magazine Coup de 和consistently including fUll-sized women。文章段落中，提及魁北克杂志Coup de )ou(e坚持刊登正常身材的女性形象的内容在[G]段出现， 该段前两句提到，杂志业有人正在努力抵制这种潮流。几年来魁北克杂志Coup de )ou(e坚持在其时尚页面 上刊登正常身材的女性形象。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[G]。题干中的resists对应原 文中的buck(抵制，反抗)。
55. [B]。题干意为，根据一些分析家的观点，将美丽的标准强加到女性身上的根本原因是经济利益。注意抓 住题干中的关键词fundamental reason、standards of beauty和economic profits。文章段落中，论及将美丽的标 准强加到女性身上的根本原因的内容在[B]段出现，该段前两句提到，为什么会把美丽的标准强加到女性 身上，而大多数女性生来就比模特要胖要成熟?一些分析家认为，根源在于经济利益。由此可知，题干是对 原文的同义转述，故答案为[B]。题干中的fundamental reason和原文中的roots对应。
发表于 2025-5-14 23:55:32
